Ageyev Fakhrel-Islam Nevmyatullovich (1887-1938)
Professional Tatar children's writer. Shot in 1938. Published the children's magazine "Ak-yul", which laid the foundation for children's fiction in the Tatar language. Both in its content and in the elegance of its publication, this magazine created great popularity for Ageyev in the Tatar world. Ageyev is recognized as an authority on the extraordinary psychology of children. The stories written with great artistic flair, published in "Ak-yul", were read by children with great love.
Alexandrovich Andrey Ivanovich
Belarusian poet, critic, translator, state and public-political figure, children's writer.
On July 2, 1938, he was arrested and sentenced to 15 years in labor camps. From 1938 to 1947, he served his sentence in the construction of the Norilsk Metallurgical Combine. In 1947, he was released early. On February 26, 1949, he was arrested again and exiled to the Krasnoyarsk Territory. Rehabilitated in 1955.
Books written for children:
"Fisherman" (1928), "City in the Morning" (1930), "Lullaby" (1930), "Boy and Rooster" (1930), "How Children Helped Build an Airplane" (1931), "Happy Road" (1935), "Tale of Mr. Glutton" (1935), "Gift to Little Children" (1936, 1973)
Aleshkovsky Yuz
In 1947, he was called up for service in the navy, served in Siberia, where he was sentenced to four years in prison in 1949 for violating discipline.
From 1950 to 1953, he served his sentence in a labor camp. After his release, he worked in construction. Since 1965, he began to earn a living through literary work.
In 1959, he began writing songs based on his own lyrics. Yuz Aleshkovsky was officially recognized as the author of children's books and screenplays for cinema and television, but unofficially he performed his own songs, the most famous of which was "Song about Stalin", better known as "Comrade Stalin, you are a great scientist":
Comrade Stalin, you are a great scientist -
You know the ins and outs of linguistics,
And I am just a simple Soviet prisoner,
And to me, comrade - the gray Bryansk wolf.
Bagmut Ivan Andrianovich
In August 1935, he was arrested by the Kharkov Directorate of the NKVD of the Ukrainian SSR. At a special meeting on charges of counter-revolutionary activities, he was sentenced to 6 years of imprisonment. He served his sentence in labor camps in the Komi ASSR.
At the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, he filed an application requesting voluntary enlistment in the front lines. Since September 1942, he participated in the war. In February 1943, he was severely wounded. His leg was amputated in the hospital, and he underwent a long period of treatment. In 1944, he returned to Kharkov and worked as the director of the local branch of the Ukrainian Literature Fund.
In March 1957, he was rehabilitated. After the war, Ivan Bagmut primarily worked in the genre of children's literature.
He is the author of works about the Great Patriotic War, travel notes, essays, plays, and works for children and youth.
Belikh Grigory Georgievich
A writer and co-author of the book "The Republic of SHKID," which describes his personal experience living in an institution for difficult children. In the book, he is referred to under the surname Chernykh.
He lost his father in early childhood. After the Revolution, he lived as an orphan and was sent to the children's colony "SHKID" (School-Commune named after Dostoevsky), where he earned the nickname "Yankel."
In late 1935, Belikh was arrested on charges of counter-revolutionary activities (Article 58-10). According to various reports, the accusation stemmed from either writing the poem "Two Great Ones" (about I.V. Stalin and Peter I), which contained such lines:
"…I surrender, I surrender, Joseph the First.
My idea about the canal
You, without sparing others' efforts,
Have very brilliantly realized.
I was rich in ideas,
But I wasn't as rich in slaves,"
whether in writing a poem about I. V. Stalin, on the same topic and with the same spirit. Belikh was sentenced to three years and died of tuberculosis in a transit prison on August 14, 1938, at the age of 31.
Bersanov Khozh-Akhmed Akhmadovich
In 1944, he was deported. He spent the years of deportation in the Kokchetav region, where he worked as a district livestock technician.
In the late 1930s, he began recording and processing Chechen folklore. However, his first books - collections of stories "Lame Starling" and "Adventures of Hadjimurat" - were published in 1966. In total, he wrote more than 20 books, mainly for children.
Bianki Vitaly Valentinovich
Writer, author of many works for children.
In 1921, he was twice arrested by the Cheka in Biysk. Additionally, he spent 3 weeks in prison as a hostage. In 1923, he published his first story "Journey of the Red-Headed Sparrow," and then released the book "Whose Nose is Better?"
At the end of 1925, Bianki was arrested again and sentenced for involvement in a non-existent underground organization to three years of exile in the Urals. In 1928, he was permitted to move to Novgorod, and later to Leningrad. In November 1932, he was arrested again. Three and a half weeks later, he was released "for lack of evidence."
In March 1935, Bianki, described as "the son of a personal nobleman, a former SR, an active participant in armed uprisings against Soviet power," was arrested again and sentenced to five years of exile in the Aktobe region.
Bianki wrote over three hundred stories, fairy tales, novellas, and articles, and published 120 books, which were printed in a total circulation of 40 million copies. In the Soviet Union, Bianki's books were widely used in kindergartens and primary schools. Here are some of his works for children:
Aniutka's Duck, Water Horse, Where Crayfish Hibernate, Eyes and Ears, Green Pond, How the Little Ant Rushed Home, How I Wanted to Pour Salt on the Hare's Tail, Red Hill, Who Sings What?, Kuzar the Chipmunk and Inoyka the Bear, Cuckoo Chick, Forest Dens, Forest Scouts, Lyulya, Max, Mouse Peak, Heavenly Elephant, Orange Throat, First Hunt, Rosyanka - Death of a Mosquito, Fish House (co-authored with Anna Akimkina), Snow Book, Owl, Teremok
Vasyunin Fyodor Georgievich (Kamanin)
The period from 1925 to 1929 marked the rise of the talent of the young writer. During this time, one after another, his storybooks "Miser," "Canary," "Strike," "At the Crystal Factory," novellas "Shake-off," "Organizers," "My Comrade," "Grandfather and Three," "Inventors," "Vaska Zhuk," "Crystal Vase," and the collection of stories "Factory Kids" were published. Then came his first novels - "Ivanovskaya Mill" and "My Wife's Wedding."
Fyodor Kamanin is a well-known children's and peasant writer. In the "Anthology of Peasant Literature of the Post-October Era," published in 1931, there were more than 40 reviews of his books for the years 1925-1929.
The writer was one of the pioneers of Soviet children's literature. He worked for the newspaper "Fokinsky Rabochiy" and later became the chief editor of the Oryol Regional Publishing House. In Oryol in 1938, he was arrested on false charges. After the investigation, he spent over a year in Oryol Central. The writer was accused of preparing a group assassination attempt on Stalin.
Vvedensky Alexander Ivanovich (poet)
Writer, poet, and playwright. During his lifetime, he was published and known to a wide readership as a children's writer; the overwhelming majority of Vvedensky's "adult" texts were published posthumously. In 1925, he met Daniil Kharms, a moment that proved to be exceptionally important for both poets. That same year, they appeared in the Imaginist collection "Unusual Dates of Friends" with their poems.
On September 27, 1941, Alexander Vvedensky was arrested on charges of counterrevolutionary agitation. According to one of the latest versions, due to the approach of German troops to Kharkov, he was transported in a train to Kazan, but on December 19, 1941, he died of pleurisy en route. His body was delivered to the morgue of the Kazan Specialized Psychiatric Hospital of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Tatar ASSR (there is an act of his death in the archive of this hospital). He was presumably buried at the Arsky or Arkhangelsk cemeteries in Kazan. Rehabilitated on March 30, 1964.
Voznesenskaya Yulia Nikolaevna
Prose writer, poet. Since 1966, she began to be published, her first poems initially in periodicals, then in samizdat. In 1976, she was sentenced to five years of exile for "anti-Soviet propaganda." She fled from exile to Leningrad, to the trial of Yulia Rybakova, which led to two years of imprisonment until June 1979.
In 1980, she emigrated from the USSR with her two sons. She is the laureate of the annual competition of works for children and youth "Scarlet Sails" in the "Prose" category for the book "The Path of Cassandra."
Voronoy Mark Nikolaevich
Ukrainian poet, translator, son of writer Nikolay Voronoy and Vera Verbickaya-Antioch, daughter of poet Nikolay Verbicky, one of the authors of the Ukrainian anthem "Shche ne vmerla Ukraina" ("Ukraine Has Not Yet Perished").
On March 19, 1937, on his birthday, he was arrested. The Military Tribunal of the Kiev Military District sentenced Mark Nikolaevich Voronoy to eight years of corrective labor camps during a closed trial from February 1 to 4, 1936. He served his sentence in Kem, later in Solovki. On October 9, 1937, he was sentenced to death by the Special Troika of the NKVD Administration of the Leningrad Region. The sentence was carried out on November 3, 1937, in the Sandarmokh tract.
Mark Voronoy published five books for children and a collection of poems called "Forward." He translated from German (Rainer Maria Rilke, Georg Heym, Albert Lichtenstein), French (Sully Prudhomme, Charles Baudelaire, except for the famous "Albatross"), Italian (Giovanni Boccaccio) languages, as well as from Hebrew (David Hofstein).
Gabbe Tamara Grigoryevna
Writer, translator, folklorist, playwright, editor, and literary critic. Author of popular fairy-tale plays for children ("City of Masters, or Tale of Two Hunchbacks," "Avdotya Ryazanochka," "Crystal Slipper," "Tin Rings" ("Magic Rings of Almanzor") and others).
In 1937, the editorial office of the Leningrad Detgiz was crushed and ceased to exist. Some employees (including L. K. Chukovskaya) were fired, while others, including Tamara Gabbe, were arrested. After long interrogations and abuse, she was released in 1938.
Gzhitsky Vladimir Zenonovich
Writer, journalist, translator, and memoirist. In 1933, he was accused of participating in the Ukrainian Military Organization (UVO). In 1934, he was sentenced to 10 years in labor camps by a court decision, serving his sentence in the Komi ASSR. In 1946, he was again sentenced to 4 years of imprisonment. After Stalin's death, Gzhitsky petitioned for a review of his case, but it remained unresolved. Only in 1956 was the writer rehabilitated.
He died in 1973 in Lviv. V. Gzhitsky started as a poet and playwright, as evidenced by his poetry collection "Trembitini Tones" (1924), dramatic works for children successfully staged in theaters in Kharkov: "By the Star" (1925), "Explosion" (1927), the play "Nastup" on the topic of class struggle in the village during collectivization (1931). Over time, Gzhitsky's talent as a prose writer emerged. He authored historical novels "Oprishki" (1962), "Karmelyuk" (1971), an autobiographical story "Word of Honor" (1968), and several works for children.
Dizhur Bella Abramovna
Poetess and prose writer. Mother of sculptor Ernst Neizvestny.
When the "doctor's case" began, patients stopped coming to her husband, whom they loved, due to their ignorance. And when in 1976 her son, sculptor Ernst Neizvestny, left Russia, Bella Dizhur became the "mother of a homeland traitor." They did not allow her to leave to her son for almost 6 years, only releasing her from the country in 1986.
They allowed her to leave the country, but not without making a nasty trick - her grandson was invited to the Ministry of Culture, where Dizhur's books (children's books!) were "sorted out": "These can be taken overseas, but these - no, somewhere here lies hidden mischief."
Dik Iosif Ivanovich
Children's writer and screenwriter. Born on August 20, 1922. In 1937, his parents were arrested as enemies of the people, and he and his younger sister were sent to an NKVD children's home in Rybinsk.
In 1940, he enrolled in the Leningrad Mining Institute but left for the front of the Great Patriotic War from the first year. He served as a senior pyrotechnic at the 1983rd main aviation depot of the Southwest Front. On May 8, 1942, during the Soviet offensive on Kharkov, at the Borovaya station while destroying dangerous ammunition, he was seriously wounded, losing his hands and damaging his eye.
In a military hospital in Samarkand, a literary circle was organized, where Dik began to engage. He had to write holding a pencil in his teeth. At the end of 1942, the eye hospital, headed by academician Filatov, was transferred to Tashkent. After completing treatment, he returned to Samarkand.
In 1947, he debuted with a collection of stories "The Golden Fish." In 1949, he was admitted to the Union of Writers. He wrote a number of books, mostly for children: "The Fiery Stream," "In Our Class," "In the Thickets of Kara-Bumba," "On the Tugboat," "Blue Haze," "Girls and Boys," "Meeting with Father," "Green Lights," "The Third Eye," "Iron Will," "The Goat on the Helicopter," and others. He invented a special device for writing and working on a typewriter, an adaptation for driving a car (he got a driver's license).
Ditrikh Georgiy Stanislavovich
Children's writer and publicist. He was a member of the editorial board of humorous magazines for children "Yozh" and "Chizh".
On July 11, 1940, he was arrested by the NKVD Administration for the Leningrad Region. He was accused under Article 121 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR (disclosure of information not subject to disclosure). By the decision of the Special Council at the NKVD of the USSR dated October 19, 1940, he was sentenced to 5 years in ITL. He served his sentence in the Arkhangelsk Region, Pleseckaya station, Northern Railway, station "Navolok", cell No. 238/07. There is a complaint in the case, from which it follows that Ditrikh G.S. died in March 1943.
By the decision of the Presidium of the Leningrad City Court on August 7, 1962, the decision of the Special Council at the NKVD of the USSR dated October 19, 1940, regarding Ditrikh G.S. was canceled, and the case was closed due to the absence of the elements of a crime in his actions.
Druzhnikov Yuriy Ilyich
Writer, literary historian, journalist, dissident.
Before emigrating, he was primarily known as a children's writer. Since 1989 - a professor at the University of California, chairman of the PEN Club section "Writers in Exile".
Dubovka Vladimir Nikolaevich
Poet, prose writer, linguist, translator, literary critic. Laureate of the Yanka Kupala Literary Prize. He wrote fairy tales and stories for children: "The Magnificent Find", "Flowers - Sun Babies", "Fairy Tales", "Golden Grains", "How the Tit Flew to the Sun", "Amazing Adventures", "Milavitsa".
For the poem "For all the lands, all the peoples of the world," on July 20, 1930, he was arrested by the GPU of the USSR in the Kremlin in the case of the "Union for the Liberation of Belarus." In 1931, he was imprisoned in Minsk prison; on April 10, he was sentenced to five years of exile in Yaransk, where he arrived with his young son Olgerd and his wife Maria Petrovna. He worked at the Yaransk District Consumer Cooperative as a secretary. He was forcibly moved to the village of Sheshurga and later to Cheboksary.
In July 1935, the term of his exile was extended for 2 years. In 1937, he was arrested again and sentenced to 10 years of imprisonment, after which his wife and son returned to Moscow, and later to Taldom, where he worked as an accountant. Here, in 1941, his thirteen-year-old son Olgerd died. He served his sentence in the Kirov Region, Chuvashia, and the Far East. He did not engage in literary work while in prison.
On February 16, 1949, he was arrested for the third time. In April 1949, by the Special Council of the USSR Ministry of State Security, he was sentenced to 25 years of imprisonment. He served his sentence first in a prison in Tbilisi, then was transferred to the Krasnoyarsk Territory. He worked as a carpenter in Pochee, Abansky District.
He was finally rehabilitated on November 15, 1957.
Aleksandr Ivich
Publisher, writer, critic, literary scholar, essayist, archivist.
In 1949, Aleksandr Ivich was declared a "cosmopolitan," and A. A. Fadeev called him the "enemy No. 1 in children's literature," which in those circumstances meant civil death. For several years, Ivich and his family lived in poverty, making ends meet with odd jobs and selling books from his unique library.
In subsequent years, Aleksandr Ivich worked as a critic, author of scientific and artistic works for children and adolescents (the most significant being the novella "The Artist of Mechanical Affairs," 1969), critical works, and literary books devoted to the history and theory of children's literature ("Raising Generations" (1960), "Poetry of Science" (1967), "Nature. Children" (1975)).
Kalinets Irina Onufrievna
Poetess, dissident movement activist, Ukrainian national and human rights movement activist, artist, philologist.
In July 1970, she signed a protest by 9 Lviv citizens against the arrest of Ukrainian dissident Valentyn Moroz. In December 1971, she signed a declaration on the establishment of the Public Committee for the Defense of Dissident Nina Strokata. In January 1972, she was arrested and in July of the same year sentenced to 6 years in strict regime camps and 3 years of exile for "anti-Soviet agitation and propaganda." Six months later, her husband, poet I. M. Kalinets, was sentenced on the same charges. She served her sentence in the Chita region. She was released in 1981.
Irina Kalinets is the author of collections "Poetry," "Marriage with the Polygon," children's books "Stork and Black Cloud," "Toy Phone Tales" (2001), "Pimbo-Bimbo" (2000), historical detective "Murder of a Millennium" (2002); monographs "Studies on the "Word about the Igor's Regiment," "Riddles of the Baptism of Ukraine-Rus," scientific research "Taras Shevchenko and Saint Augustine," numerous journalistic articles, essays, etc.
Kipnis Isaac Nukhimovich
Writer, poet, and translator. He wrote in Yiddish. Starting from 1922, he was widely published in the Soviet Jewish press, published several poetry collections and children's books. During the Great Patriotic War, he was evacuated to Saratov. He was a member of the Union of Writers of the Ukrainian SSR but was later expelled for "Jewish nationalism." In 1948, he was arrested and sent to a labor camp in Siberia. He was released from imprisonment in 1955.
Among his works, the most famous are the poetry collection "Oxen" (1923); the novellas "Months and Days" (1926), "My Town Slovechno" (1962), "From the Diary" (1965); the novel "House" (1939), the prose "Tales for Lemele" (1940); "Miniatures" (1975).
Kvitko Lev Moiseevich
Arrested among the leading figures of the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee on January 23, 1949. On July 18, 1952, he was accused by the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR of treason, sentenced to the highest measure of punishment, and on August 12, 1952, he was shot. Place of burial - Moscow, Donskoye Cemetery. Posthumously rehabilitated by the Military Collegium of the USSR Supreme Court on November 22, 1955.
Lev Kvitko is the author of a number of translations into Yiddish from Ukrainian, Belarusian, and other languages. His own poems have been translated into Russian by A. Akhmatova, S. Marshak, S. Mikhalkov, Ye. Blaginin, M. Svetlov, and others. The second part of Moisei Weinberg's Sixth Symphony is based on the text of Lev Kvitko's poem "Fiddle" (translated by M. Svetlov).
Georgy Osipovich Kuklin
Prose writer, children's writer. In the late 1920s to early 1930s, he became close to Nikolai Zabolotsky, Nikolai Zarudin, Ivan Kataev, and Boris Eichenbaum. In 1938, he was arrested and sentenced. He died on November 9, 1939, in the prison hospital of Krasnoyarsk from inflammation of the meninges. Posthumously rehabilitated in 1958.
His books: "Village Boys" stories, L-d, 1926; "Alone in the Forest," M., 1929; "Igrenchik," a story for children, M., 1929; "Boys and Horses," L., 1929; "Playful Water. Northern Brigade. " Co-authors S. Spassky, E. Tager, N. Chukovsky, L., 1931; "Kildin Island," M.-L., 1931, co-authors S. Spassky, N. Chukovsky; "School," L., 1931; "Unforeseen Notes.," L., 1931; "On the Mountain". Novel. L., 1932; "Teachers." Novel. M. 1935.
Iosif Borisovich Kurlat
Children's poet, translator; founder of the All-Ukrainian Festival of Children's Poetry. He graduated from the A.M. Gorky Literary Institute. Among his classmates were Bella Akhmadulina and Yunna Moritz. Due to his active activities during the "thaw" period, he was "exiled" from Moscow, forced to move to Donetsk, and in 1965, to Severodonetsk in the Lugansk region.
Author of the novels "To Execute or Not to Execute" and "Birch Stick", the stories "Six Provocations", "Vitkin's Vacation", "Country of Laedia" and "Everything Alive on Earth" and many others.
Vasily Ilyich Lytkin
Komi poet, translator, Finno-Ugric linguist, Doctor of Philological Sciences. Academician of the Finnish Academy of Sciences (1969). Laureate of the State Prize of the Komi ASSR named after Kuratov, Honored Scientist and Technologist of the RSFSR and the Komi ASSR.
In 1933, he was arrested and sentenced to five years, which he spent in a labor camp in the Russian Far East. Fully rehabilitated in 1956.
Author of a series of poems, stories, poems, fairy tales in verse, poems for children. In 1927, he completed his largest work - the poem "They Are Coming" (Komi "Munöny"), dedicated to the heroes of the Civil War in the Komi region. He translated works by A.S. Pushkin, F.I. Tyutchev, S. Petofi, V.V. Mayakovsky, D. Bedny, K.I. Chukovsky into the Komi language.
Alexandra Iosifovna Lyubarskaya
The arrest of Lyubarskaya and other employees of the Leningrad branch of Detgiz occurred on the night of September 4-5, 1937. According to Alexandra Iosifovna's recollections, a search was conducted in her apartment for several hours; the contents of the bookcase were especially thoroughly examined. In the morning, the arrested woman was taken out onto the street; she was taken to the Bolshoi House on Liteyny by tram. In prison, Lyubarskaya met Tamara Gabbe, with whom she had discussed "some editorial matters" the day before:
"During the one and a half years I spent in prison, I got to know the techniques of investigation well. The accusations were based on the principle of greatest implausibility. I saw in prison many dozens of Japanese, Finnish, Polish, Latvian 'spies' who were operating in our city. Even this alone was overwhelmingly implausible."
The fate of Lyubarskaya and Gabbe greatly worried their friends; Lydia Chukovskaya spent many hours in the prison queues to find out the fate of her husband - Matvey Bronstein - and her colleagues from the Marshak editorial office. Korney Chukovsky, putting aside all his affairs, traveled to Leningrad to "take care of Shura Lyubarskaya". In a letter to his daughter dated June 1938, he reported that he "wrote about Shurochka to Comrade Vyshinsky's secretary".
In December 1938, Chukovsky and Marshak managed to arrange a personal meeting with Vyshinsky. During the reception, they talked about Lyubarskaya's parents and the three-volume edition of Pushkin edited by her. Right in the presence of the visitors, the Prosecutor General of the USSR called the Bolshoi House and gave an order to apply another article against Lyubarskaya. In January 1939, Chukovsky was informed that Alexandra Iosifovna had been released. About his reaction to this news, the writer told his daughter:
"I even felt strange carrying such an unusual joy in my soul all day... I still can't grasp this big event. Can it really be that a smile will reappear on Shura's mother's face?"
Magalif Yuriy Mikhailovich
Writer and poet. Childhood and youth were spent in Leningrad. In 1935, together with his mother, he was repressed and exiled to Kazakhstan. Upon returning to Leningrad, he studied at the theater institute as an actor-reader. In 1938, he got married, and at the same time, his son was born. In 1941, he was arrested under Article 58 for having transcripts of the first congress of writers found among his belongings and was sent to a camp near Novosibirsk. In 1946, Yuriy Mikhailovich was released and began working at the Philharmonic in Novosibirsk.
Magalif's first serious literary work was the fairy tale "The Adventures of Zhakoni," which immediately became popular among young readers. It was repeatedly published and translated into European languages, staged, and broadcast on the radio.
In 1958, Magalif's first adult book of stories was published, the theme of which became the connection between a person and society, the responsibility for the destinies of people living nearby, and this theme found its continuation in his subsequent works.
Medvedev Valeriy Vladimirovich (Valeriy Ivanovich Marinin)
Writer and actor. In 1935, his family moved to Chelyabinsk, where the future writer's father took up the position of head of the regional horse management department. Valeriy Marinin was involved in drawing, sculpting, choreography, and theater arts at the Chelyabinsk House of Artistic Education for Children; he graduated from school No. 1, where he began writing mainly humorous poems and stories.
In 1937, his father, I. P. Marinin, was arrested and executed on charges of counter-revolutionary activities (Article 58 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR). Soon after his father's execution, Valeriy's mother was also arrested. The Marinin children - eldest son Leonid, middle son Valeriy, and youngest son Vladimir - were placed in a children's shelter of the NKVD in Chelyabinsk. After some time, Valeriy was adopted by actor Vladimir Medvedev from the Chelyabinsk Drama Theater, who gave him his patronymic and surname.
Mexin Yakov Petrovich
Children's writer, publisher, museum worker, bibliographer, and bookseller. Co-author (with Petr Dulsky) of the monograph "Illustration in Children's Books" (1925) - the first work on artistic children's books in Russian. In the early Soviet period, he was one of the main organizers of children's book publishing and exhibitions of children's books. In 1934, he founded the first Museum of Children's Books in the USSR and Russia, which was liquidated in 1938 after repressions against Mexin. He died in prison.
Nadezhnina Nadezhda Avgustinovna
Writer, poet, translator, author of children's books.
In 1947, Detgiz published her book "Polnoe lukoshko" (Full Basket). In 1950, she was arrested and sentenced by a Special Meeting of the USSR Ministry of State Security to 10 years in prison on charges of "counter-revolutionary agitation." She served her sentence in Dubrovlag. She was released early in 1955 and rehabilitated in 1956.
In 1960, her book "“Morevizor“ ukhodit v plavanie" was published. In 1963, her book "Partizanka Lara" about the feat of Leningrad schoolgirl Larisa Mikheenko was published, based on which the film "In That Distant Summer" was made.
She didn't like to recall the years of imprisonment, but she wrote brief memoirs of her life, including the years of her imprisonment. Nadezhda Nadezhnina passed away on October 14, 1992.
Nekrasov Andrey Sergeyevich
After finishing school, he worked as a fitter and technician at the Moscow tram station. In 1926, he moved to Murmansk and became a sailor on a fishing vessel. He then sailed on various ships in the areas of the Far North and the Far East. In 1933, he graduated from the Vladivostok Maritime Technical School. In the same year, he was appointed deputy chief of the maritime department of the trust "Dalmorezverprom".
He began publishing in 1928. His most famous work is the humorous novel "Adventures of Captain Vrungel". On April 14, 1944, while working for a newspaper with the rank of lieutenant, he was sentenced by the Military Tribunal of the Rostov-on-Don garrison to 3 years of corrective labor.
After the war, he returned to literary work, becoming a member of the editorial boards of the magazine "Pioneer" and the literary and artistic almanac "Ocean".
Perovskaya Olga Vasilyevna
Children's writer. In 1925, her first and most famous book of stories "Kids and Animals" was published, immediately winning the sympathy of young readers. It is a series of stories about the eventful life of a group of children - four sisters, daughters of a forester, who serves in Semirechye. The book can be called autobiographical, as the traits of its main characters easily resemble Olga herself and her sisters.
Also, O. V. Perovskaya is the author of a series of stories and novellas about animals: "Unusual Stories about Ordinary Animals," "Marmotka" (both 1939), "About Piglets" (1941), novellas "Island in the Steppe" (1934, co-written with G. Zamchalov), "Golden Fleece" (1957, also co-written with him), "Dzhan - Hero's Eyes" (1958).
Perovskaya's books are educational in nature, characterized by entertaining plots and a subtle understanding of the psychology of animals, portrayed through children's perception.
From 1940 to the early 1950s, Olga Perovskaya was repressed and sentenced to 10 years in labor camps, then the sentence was mitigated by exile. L. Tokmakov told about her life during this period. The exile ended in 1955. In the late 1950s, she was rehabilitated.
During the 15 years from 1940 to 1955, her books were not printed, the filmstrip "Frantik" from the series "Kids and Animals" was not shown, and an entire edition of the novella "Island in the Steppe" was destroyed. The writer, who was eagerly published and joyfully read by children for 15 years, simply disappeared from the life of Soviet children's literature during this period.
The years of exile left their mark on the writer's life, but she tried not to transfer her grief and resentment to children's literature and continued to write kind, bright, warm, and happy books. After the exile, Olga Vasilyevna was bedridden with a serious illness and died at the age of 59 in 1961.
Pogodin Radiy Petrovich
Writer, artist, poet, screenwriter, outstanding children's writer.
He studied at the preparatory courses at the G. V. Plekhanov Leningrad State Institute. In 1946, he began working in the fire service in Moscow. He started publishing in the departmental periodical "Boevoy Signal." When discussing the Resolution of the Organizational Bureau of the Central Committee of the CPSU "On the Magazines 'Zvezda' and 'Leningrad'," he defended M. M. Zoshchenko and A. A. Akhmatova, after which he hid from arrest in 1946-1947, then returned to Leningrad to his father. He managed to get a job, was arrested, sentenced under Article 58-10, "anti-Soviet propaganda," and served his term (1948-1950). Then he returned to Leningrad in 1950, in 1953 moved to Yoshkar-Ola, and started working at the radio.
In 1954, Pogodin returned to Leningrad again. His first story, "Frost," was published in the almanac "Druzhba," and in 1957, the writer's first book, "Ant Oil," was published. In 1959, Radiy Petrovich Pogodin was admitted to the Union of Soviet Writers.
His stories for children gained wide popularity, and the story "Who Warmed the Sea" represented the USSR (along with stories by V. K. Zheleznyakov, O. Donchenko, M. Mrevlishvili, Ya. Rannapa, Kh. Nazir) in the Collection of Stories by Writers from Different Countries "Children of the World" (1962), prepared by an international editorial board (published in the USSR in 1965).
Pravdukhin Valerian Pavlovich
Writer, playwright, and literary critic, member of the literary group "Pereval".
Arrested on August 16, 1937, by the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR on charges of participating in a terrorist organization. On August 28, 1938, sentenced to death and shot on the same day at the "Kommunarka" shooting range. Rehabilitated on August 4, 1956.
Sef Roman Semyonovich
Children's poet, writer, playwright, translator. Born on October 6, 1931, in Moscow. "Sef" is a pseudonym of his father, Semyon Efimovich Fayremark. In 1936, S. S. Sef's parents were repressed. His father was shot, and his mother was sent to labor camps. The boy was left in the care of his grandmother.
In 1946, Roman and his mother, who returned from imprisonment, were exiled to the city of Maloyaroslavets, where they lived for three years. After graduating from school, he tried many professions. He worked as a bus driver for the Writers' Union. In 1951, he was repressed under Article 58,8; 58, 1-a; 58,10. He spent one year in solitary confinement and lived for five years in a settlement in Karaganda. Here he learned English and began to engage in poetic and prose translation. In 1956, he was rehabilitated. He studied at the Faculty of Journalism at Moscow State University but never finished university.
Roman Sef is widely known for his poems and plays written for children. Thirty poetry books have been published with a total circulation of more than ten million copies, including "March of the Giants," "River Tram," "Blue Meteorite," "If You Don't Believe," "I Am Myself," "My Song," "Who Invented the Alphabet," and others. Productions of his plays have been staged in more than 30 theaters, including such works as "Emelya's Happiness" and "Two Baba Yagas."
Roman Sef passed away on February 20, 2009.
Solomyanskaya Liya Lazarevna
Cinema activist, screenwriter, journalist.
Since 1926, she worked in Arkhangelsk, and on September 19, 1929, she was appointed the first head of the radio center at the regional communications administration and editor of the Arkhangelsk regional broadcasting. In cinema, she began her career in 1935 (first at Mosfilm, then as the head of the script department at Soyuzdetfilm).
From 1938 to 1940, she was imprisoned in labor camps (sentenced on August 2, 1938, as a member of the family of a traitor to the motherland - Solomyanskaya was arrested shortly after the arrest of her second husband, journalist I. M. Razin, and served her sentence in ALZhIR, released on January 18, 1940).
During the war, she worked as a war journalist for the newspaper "Znamya." After the war, she collaborated in various newspapers and magazines ("Yunost", "Fizkul'tura i sport", "Tekhnika molodiozhi"). She was the author of books for children and youth.
Terziman Alexandru
Journalist, editor, writer, and translator.
The first collection of poems by Al. Terziman, "Stele sub nori," was published in 1927. In 1934, together with P. Krikhan, he published the book of stories and poems for children "Cartea noastră" (Our Book). In his poetic work, he leaned towards symbolism. Al. Terziman translated works by N. Lenau, R. M. Rilke, Hugo Zuckermandl, A. S. Pushkin, M. Yu. Lermontov, A. I. Kuprin, A. P. Chekhov, R. Tagore, F. Molnar, Frank Crane (Frank Crane, 1861-1928), B. Bjørnson, A. Strindberg, from Yiddish - Shimen Frug, Dovid Pinsky, Mordechai Spektor (1858-1925), I.-L. Peretz; separate editions included books by G. Mann, F. Wedekind, G. G. Evers, Avrom Reisen (1876-1953), and Rabindranath Tagore.
Arrested on June 26, 1941, and transported to Irkutsk. On July 15, 1942, he was sentenced to 10 years in corrective labor camps as a member of the "anti-Soviet group of journalists," and on July 25, he was sent to Taishet, where he died on February 23 of the following year.
Usov Alexander Alexandrovich
Children's writer, naturalist, revolutionary, traveler, inventor, theosophist. In the late 1930s, due to theosophical beliefs, A. A. Usov was arrested and exiled to the Murmansk region. In 1942, he left the settlement, and no one saw him again.
Harms Daniil Ivanovich
Writer and poet. In late 1927, Samuel Marshak, Nikolai Oleynikov, and Boris Zhitkov attracted members of the OBERIU to work in children's literature. From the late 1920s to the late 1930s, Harms actively collaborated with children's magazines such as "Yozh," "Chizh," "Sverchok," "Oktyabrata," where his poems, stories, captions for drawings, humorous advertisements, and puzzles were published. Unlike, for example, Alexander Vvedensky, Harms took children's literature very seriously, which was his constant and almost sole source of income.
From 1928 to 1931, 9 illustrated booklets of poems and stories for children were published by Harms - "Mischievous Traffic Jam" (censored from 1951 to 1961), "About How Kolka Pankin Flew to Brazil, and Petka Yershov Did Not Believe Anything," "Theater," "First and Second," "Ivan Ivanovich Samovar," "About How the Old Lady Bought Ink" (classified as books "not recommended for mass libraries"), "Game," "About How Dad Shot My Ferret," "Million." In 1937, Wilhelm Busch's book "Plisch and Plum" was published in Harms' translation. In 1940, Harms' book "Fox and Hare" was published, and in 1944, a separate edition, but anonymously, was released with the poem "The Remarkable Cat." Also, during the writer's lifetime, separate editions of the poem "Funny Chizhi" written jointly with S. Marshak and the book "Stories in Pictures," the text of which was written by Harms, Nina Gernet, and Natalya Dilaktorskaya, were published.
In December 1931, Harms, Vvedensky, and Bakhterev were arrested on charges of participating in an "anti-Soviet group of writers," with the reason for their arrest being their work in children's literature, rather than the noisy and provocative performances of the Oberiuts. Harms was sentenced by the OGPU collegium to three years of corrective labor camps on March 21, 1932.
In 1937, the children's publishing house founded by Marshak in Leningrad was destroyed, some of its employees were repressed: Nikolai Oleynikov, Nikolai Zabolotsky, Tamara Gabbe, later Harms and Alexander Vvedensky; many were fired. On August 23, 1941, Harms was arrested for spreading "defamatory and defeatist sentiments" among his circle.
To avoid execution, the writer feigned madness; a military tribunal decided "due to the seriousness of the crime committed" to confine Harms to a psychiatric hospital. Daniil Harms died on February 2, 1942, during the siege of Leningrad in the psychiatric ward of the prison hospital "Kresty."
Harms' wife, Marina Malich, was initially falsely informed that he was taken to Novosibirsk. Only on July 25, 1960, at the request of Harms' sister, E. I. Gritsina, the Prosecutor General's Office recognized him as innocent, and he was rehabilitated.
Page on the website - Harms (Yuvachyov) Daniil Ivanovich
Kuzma Chorny
Writer, playwright, and translator. Already in the 1920s, literary critics predicted his future as the "Belarusian Dostoevsky." On October 14, 1938, he was arrested and imprisoned in the Minsk prison, where he spent 8 months, including 6 months in solitary confinement. He was subjected to torture, as he described in a diary entry on October 3, 1944 ("In the Yezhov prison, they put me on a stake, hit me on the head with a large iron key, poured cold water on the beaten area, lifted me and threw me on the rails, hit me with a log on the stomach, inserted paper tubes into my ears and screamed into them at full volume, locked me in a room with rats..."). Released in 1939.
You can see the list of repressed poets here.